Physics for AI

LLM Reasoning

• Automatic Prompt Optimization with 'Gradient Descent' and Beam Search
  Reid Pryzant, Dan Iter, et al.
  EMNLP (2023)
• TextGrad: Automatic 'Differentiation' via Text
  Mert Yuksekgonul, Federico Bianchi, et al.
  Nature 639, 609–616 (2025)
• Verbalized Machine Learning: Revisiting Machine Learning with Language Models
  Tim Z. Xiao, Robert Bamler, Bernhard Schölkopf, Weiyang Liu
  ICML (2024)
• Training Large Language Models to Reason in a Continuous Latent Space
  Shibo Hao, Sainbayar Sukhbaatar, et al.
  arXiv (2025)
• Language Models are Injective and Hence Invertible
  Giorgos Nikolaou, Tommaso Mencattini, et al.
  arXiv (2025)